NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Billion dollar weather and climate disasters in the United States. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/ (2021).
Congressional Budget Office (CBO). Expected costs of damage caused by hurricane winds and storm-related flooding. In Proc. Congress of the United States Congressional Budget Office, Publication 55019 (2019).
Puleo, M. The record-breaking 2020 hurricane season caused $ 60 billion to $ 65 billion in economic damage. AccuWeather Sep 25, 2021. https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/record-breaking-2020-hurricane-season-caused-60-billion-to-65-billion-in- economic-damage / 858788 (2020).
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The hurricane season in the “middle” Atlantic reflects more storms. US Department of Commerce. April 9, 2021. https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/average-atlantic-hurricane-season-to-reflect-more-storms (2021).
Trump, BD et al. An analytical perspective on recovery from a pandemic. Health security. 18, 250-256 (2020).
Google Scholar
Linkov, I., Keenan, J. & Trump, BD COVID-19: Systemic risk and resilience. 1st edition (Springer, Amsterdam, 2021).
Google Scholar
Galaitsi, SE et al. The challenges of using data for the United States’ COVID-19 response. Int. J. Inform. Manage. 59, 102352 (2021).
Google Scholar
Anderson, K. et al. After the hurricane: validating a resilience assessment methodology. Int. J. Disaster risk reduction. 51, 101781 (2020).
Google Scholar
Liu, M. & Huang, MC Composite disasters and composite processes: implications for disaster risk management. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (2014).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Key Hurricane Messages: COVID-19 Annex: Preparing for Hurricanes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. US Department of Health and Human Services. August 11, 2020; CS318076A (2020).
Pei, S., Dahl, KA, Yamana, TK, Licker, R. & Shaman, J. Compound risks of hurricane evacuation amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Geo-health. 4, e2020GH000319 (2020).
Google Scholar
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Global Humanitarian Snapshot 2021. United Nations. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/GHO2021_EN.pdf (2020).
Dargin, J., Garcia, S., Oztekin, B. & Mostafavi, A. Overview of the Composite Pandemic Hurricane Index (CPHI). Urban resilience. AI Lab, Texas A&M University (2020).
Hynes, W., Trump, BD, Love, P. & Linkov, I. Bouncing back: a resilience approach to deal with COVID-19 and future systemic shocks. About. Syst. Decide. 40, 174-184 (2020).
Google Scholar
Abkowitz, MD & Chatterjee, S. Regional Disaster Risk: Assessment and Mitigation Concepts in an All Hazards Context. J. Homel. Secured. Emerge. To manage. 9, 15 (2012).
Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Manage the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. A special report of the working groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C. B. et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 582 pages (2012).
Zscheischler, J. et al. Future climate risk linked to compound events. Nature Clim. Change 8, 469-477 (2018).
Google Scholar
Gori, A., Lin, N. & Xi, D. Risk assessment of tropical cyclone flooding: from the investigation of the drivers to the quantification of extreme water levels. The future of the earth 8, e2020EF001660 (2020).
Google Scholar
The World Bank. Global Crisis Risk Management Platform (English). Washington, DC: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/762621532535411008/Global-Crisis-Risk-Platform (2018).
Szczyrba, L., Zhang, Y., Pamukcu, D., Eroglu, DI & Weiss, R. Quantifying the role of vulnerability in hurricane damage via a machine learning case study. Nat. Dangers Rev. 22, 04021028 (2021).
Google Scholar
Cutter, S. & Emrich, CT Moral hazard, social disaster: the changing face of vulnerability along cyclonic coasts. Anne. A m. Acad. Pol. Soc. Sci. 604, 102-112 (2006).
Google Scholar
Walensky, comment from the director of RP. Racism and health, minority health and health equity. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), April 8, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/racism-disparities/director-commentary.html (2021).
Wu, X., Nethery, RC, Sabath, MB, Braun, D. & Dominici, F. Air pollution and mortality from COVID-19 in the United States: strengths and limitations of an ecological regression analysis. Sci. Av. 6, eabd4049 (2020).
Google Scholar
Massaro, E., Ganin, A., Perra, N., Linkov, I. & Vespignani, A. Managing resilience in large-scale epidemics. Sci. representing 8, 1859 (2018).
Google Scholar
Linkov, I. & Trump, BD The science and practice of resilience. 1st edition (Springer, Amsterdam, 2019).
Google Scholar
Schmidtlein, MC, Deutsch, RC, Piegorsch, WW & Cutter, SL A sensitivity analysis of the social vulnerability index. Anal risk. 28, 1099-1114 (2008).
Google Scholar
Boruff, BJ, Emrich, C. & Cutter, SL Vulnerability to Erosion Hazards of US Coastal Counties. J. Coast. Res. 21, 932-942 (2005).
Google Scholar
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Mass Care / Emergency Assistance Pandemic Planning Considerations: For planners, providers, and support agencies of state, local, tribal, territorial, and nongovernmental organizations. US Department of Homeland Security (2020).
American Red Cross (ARC). Hurricane Evacuation Shelter Selection Standards (ARC 4496). (2002)
Mostafavi, A. Hurricanes and wildfires collide with COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbate risks. The conversation. https://theconversation.com/hurricanes-and-wildfires-are-colliding-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-compounding-the-risks-145003 (2020).
Smith, AB 2020 US $ 1 billion weather and climate disasters in historical context. Climat.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). January 8, 2021. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/2020-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters-historical (2021).
Ridder, NN et al. Global hot spots for the occurrence of compound events. Nat. Commmon. 2020, 5956 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kott, A. & Linkov, I. Cyber-resilience of systems and networks. 1st edition (Springer International Publishing, New York, NY, 2019).
Google Scholar
Yadav, N., Chatterjee, S. & Ganguly, AR Resilience of urban transport networks to intense flood risks exacerbated by targeted attacks. Sci. representing ten, 10350 (2020).
Google Scholar
Duan, D. et al. Universal behavior of cascading failures in interdependent networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. United States 116, 22452-22457 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hong, S., Zhu, J., Braunstein, L., Zhao, T. & You, Q. Cascade failure and recovery of spatially interdependent networks. J. Stat. Mech. 2017, 103208 (2017).
Google Scholar
Kurth, M. et al. Lack of resilience of transport networks: economic implications. Transp. Res. D Transp. About. 86, 102419 (2020).
Google Scholar
Dehghani, NL, Jeddi, AB & Shafieezadeh, A. Intelligent improvement of hurricane resilience of power distribution systems through deep reinforcement learning. Appl. Energy 285, 116355 (2021).
Google Scholar